1

Animals are used as predictive models of humans for research into such diseases as cancer and AIDS.

2

Animals are used as predictive models of humans for testing drugs or other chemicals.

3

Animals are used as “spare parts”, such as when a person receives an aortic valve from a pig.

4

Animals are used as bioreactors or factories, such as for the production of insulin or monoclonal antibodiesor to maintain the supply of a virus.

5

Animals and animal tissues are used to study basic physiological principles.

6

Animals are used in education to educate and train medical students and to teach basic principles of anatomy in high school biology classes.

7

Animals are used as a modality for ideas or as a heuristic device, which is a component of basic science research.

8

Animals are used in research designed to benefit other animals of the same species or breed.

9

Animals are used in research in order to gain knowledge for knowledge sake.